"TITTER YE NOT"
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The trouble with Europeans is they think 200 miles is a long way.
The trouble with Americans is they think 200 years is a long time.
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Chasing the American Dream does not count as exercise.
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How do you convince
Americans to get involved in
a war?
Tell them it's nearly finished.
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I'm American, and I'm sick of people saying America is "the stupidest country in the world.
"Personally, I think Europe is
the stupidest country in the
world.
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Presidents Ford, Reagan,
Carter, Nixon and Clinton
were on the Titanic.
On that fateful night the ship
hit an iceberg and began to
sink.
Ford screamed, "What should
we do?"
Reagan said, "Man the
lifeboats."
Carter said, "Women first."
Nixon said, "Screw the
women."
Clinton said, "Do you think we have time?"
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"The Star-Spangled Banner" is the national anthem of the
United States of America. The lyrics come from "Defence of
Fort M'Henry", a poem written in 1814 by the 35-year-old
lawyer and amateur poet Francis Scott Key after witnessing
the bombardment of Fort McHenry by British ships of the Royal
Navy in Baltimore Harbor during the Battle of Fort McHenry in the
War of 1812.
The poem was set to the tune of a popular British song written by John Stafford Smith for the
Anacreontic Society, a men's social club in London. "To Anacreon in Heaven" (or "The
Anacreontic Song"), with various lyrics, was already popular in the United States. Set to Key's
poem and renamed "The Star-Spangled Banner", it would soon become a well-known
American patriotic song. With a range of one octave and one fifth (a semitone more than an
octave and a half), it is known for being difficult to sing. Although the poem has four stanzas, only
the first is commonly sung today.
"The Star-Spangled Banner" was recognized for official use by the United States Navy in
1889, and by U.S. President Woodrow Wilson in 1916, and was made the national anthem by a congressional resolution on March the 3,rd 1931 (46 Stat. 1508, codified at 36 U.S.C. § 301), which was signed by President Herbert Hoover.
Before 1931, other songs served as the hymns of American officialdom. "Hail, Columbia" served this purpose at official functions for most of the 19th century. "My Country, 'Tis of Thee", whose melody is identical to "God Save the Queen", the British national anthem, also served as a defacto anthem. Following the War of 1812 and subsequent American wars, other songs emerged to compete for popularity at public events, among them "The Star-Spangled Banner".
On September the 3rd, 1814, following the Burning of Washington and the Raid on Alexandria, Francis Scott Key and John Stuart Skinner set sail from Baltimore aboard the ship HMS Minden, flying a flag of truce on a mission approved by President
James Madison. Their objective was to secure the exchange of prisoners, one of whom was Dr. William Beanes, the elderly and popular town physician of Upper Marlboro and a friend of Key's who had been captured in his home. Beanes was accused of aiding the arrest of British soldiers.
Key and Skinner boarded the British flagship HMS Tonnant on September the 7th and spoke with Major General Robert Ross and Vice Admiral Alexander Cochrane over dinner while the two officers discussed war plans. At first, Ross and Cochrane refused to release Beanes, but relented after Key and Skinner showed them letters written by wounded British prisoners praising Beanes and other Americans for their kind treatment.
LAND OF THE FREE
HOME OF THE BRAVE
Because Key and Skinner had heard details of the plans for the attack on Baltimore, they were held captive until after the battle, first aboard HMS Surprise and later back on HMS Minden. After the bombardment, certain British gunboats attempted to slip past the
fort and effect a landing in a cove to the west of it, but they were turned away by fire from nearby Fort Covington, the city's last line of defense.
During the rainy night, Key had witnessed the bombardment and observed that the fort's smaller "storm flag" continued to fly, but once the shell and Congreve rocket barrage had stopped, he would not know how the battle had turned out until dawn. On the morning of September the 14th, the storm flag had been lowered and the larger flag had been raised. During the bombardment,
HMS Erebus provided the "rockets' red glare". HMS Meteor provided at least some of the "bombs bursting in the air".
Key was inspired by the American victory and the sight of the large American flag flying triumphantly above the fort. This flag, with fifteen stars and fifteen stripes, had been made by Mary Young Pickersgill together with other workers in her home on Baltimore's Pratt Street. The flag later came to be known as the Star-Spangled Banner and is today on display in the National Museum of American History, a treasure of the Smithsonian Institution. It was restored in 1914 by Amelia Fowler, and again in 1998 as part of an ongoing conservation program.
Aboard the ship the next day, Key wrote a poem on the back of a letter he had kept in his pocket. At twilight on September
the 16th, he and Skinner were released in Baltimore. He completed the poem at the Indian Queen Hotel, where he was staying, and titled it "Defence of Fort McHenry". Much of the idea of the poem, including the flag imagery and some of the wording, is derived from an earlier song by Key, also set to the tune of The Anacreon Song. The song, known as
"When the Warrior Returns" was written in honor of Stephen Decatur and Charles Stewart on their return from the First Barbary War.
According to the historian Robin Blackburn, the words "the hireling and slave" allude to the fact that the British attackers had many ex-slaves in their ranks, who had been promised liberty and demanded to be placed in the battle line "where they might expect to meet their former masters".
Slavery in the United States was the legal institution of human chattel enslavement, primarily of Africans and African Americans, that existed in the United States of America in the 18th and 19th centuries.
Founding Fathers Uncommon Heroes
Steven W Allen
Key gave the poem to his brother-in-law Judge Joseph H. Nicholson who
saw that the words fit the popular melody "The Anacreontic Song", by
English composer John Stafford Smith. This was the official song of the
Anacreontic Society, an 18th-century gentlemen's club of amateur
musicians in London. Nicholson took the poem to a printer in Baltimore, who
anonymously made the first known broadside printing on September the 17th;
of these, two known copies survive.
On September the 20th, both the Baltimore Patriot and The American
printed the song, with the note "Tune:
Anacreon in Heaven". The song
quickly became popular, with seventeen newspapers from Georgia to
New Hampshire printing it. Soon after, Thomas Carr of the Carr Music
Store in Baltimore published the words and music together under the
title "The Star Spangled Banner", although it was originally called "Defence
of Fort McHenry". The song's popularity increased, and its first public
performance took place in October, when Baltimore actor Ferdinand
Durang sang it at Captain McCauley's tavern. Washington Irving, then
editor of The Analectic Magazine in Philadelphia, reprinted the song in
November 1814.
By the early 20th century, there were various versions of the song in
popular use. Seeking a singular, standard version, President Woodrow
Wilson tasked the U.S. Bureau of Education with providing that official
version. In response, the Bureau enlisted the help of five musicians to agree
upon an arrangement.
Those musicians were Walter Damrosch, Will Earhart, Arnold J. Gantvoort,
Oscar Sonneck and John Philip Sousa. The standardized version that was
voted upon by these five musicians premiered at Carnegie Hall on
December the 5th, 1917, in a program that included Edward Elgar's Carillon
and Gabriel Pierné's The Children's Crusade. The concert was put on by the
Oratorio Society of New York and conducted by Walter Damrosch. An official
handwritten version of the final votes of these five men has been found and
shows all five men's votes tallied, measure by measure.
The Italian opera composer Giacomo Puccini used an extract of the melody in writing the aria "Dovunque al mondo..." in 1904 for his work Madama Butterfly. Madama Butterfly (IPA:
[maˈdaːmˈbatterflai]; Madam Butterfly) is an opera in three acts (originally two) by Giacomo Puccini, with an Italian libretto by Luigi Illica and Giuseppe Giacosa.
The song gained popularity throughout the 19th century and bands played it during public events, such as July 4th celebrations. On July the 27th, 1889, Secretary of the Navy Benjamin F. Tracy signed General Order #374, making "The Star-Spangled Banner" the official tune to be played at the raising of the flag.
In 1916, President Woodrow Wilson ordered that "The Star-
Spangled Banner" be played at military and other appropriate
occasions. The playing of the song two years later during the
seventh-inning stretch of Game One of the 1918 World Series, and
thereafter during each game of the series is often cited as the first
instance that the anthem was played at a baseball game, though
evidence shows that the "Star-Spangled Banner" was performed
as early as 1897 at opening day ceremonies in Philadelphia and
then more regularly at the Polo Grounds in New York City
beginning in 1898. In any case, the tradition of performing the
national anthem before every baseball game began in World War II.
On November the 3rd, 1929, Robert Ripley drew a panel in his
syndicated cartoon, Ripley's Believe it or Not!, saying "Believe It or
Not, America has no national anthem". In 1931, John Philip Sousa
published his opinion in favor, stating that "it is the spirit of the music
that inspires" as much as it is Key's "soul-stirring" words. By a law
signed on March the 3rd, 1931 by President Herbert Hoover,
"The Star-Spangled Banner" was adopted as the national
anthem of the United States of America.
Oh say can you see by the dawn's early light,
What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming,
Whose broad stripes and bright stars through the perilous fight,
O'er the ramparts we watched,were so gallantly streaming?
And the rockets' red glare, the bombs bursting in air
Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there;
O say does that star-spangled banner yet wave,
O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave?
On the shore dimly seen through the mists of the deep,
Where the foe's haughty host in dread silence reposes,
What is that which the breeze, o'er the towering steep,
As it fitfully blows, half conceals, half discloses?
Now it catches the gleam of the morning's first beam,
In full glory reflected now shines in the stream:
'Tis the star-spangled
banner, O! long may it wave
O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave.
And where is that band who so vauntingly sword
That the havoc of war and the battle's confusion,
A home and a country, should leave us no more?
Their blood has washed out their foul footsteps' pollution.
No refuge could save the hireling and slave
From the terror of flight, or the gloom of the grave:
The star-spangled
banner in triumph doth wave,
O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave.
O thus be it ever, when freemen shall stand
Between their loved homes and the war's desolation.
Blest with victory and peace, may the Heav'n rescued land
Praise the Power that hath made and preserved us a nation!
Then conquer we must, when our cause it is just,
And this be our motto:
"In God is our trust."
And the star-spangled banner in triumph shall wave
O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave!
Additional Civil War period lyrics
In indignation over the start of the American Civil War, Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr. added a fifth stanza to the song in 1861 which appeared in songbooks of the era.
When our land is illumined with Liberty's smile.
If a foe from within strike a blow at her glory.
Down, down with the traitor that dares to defile The flag of her stars and the page of her glory!
By the millions unchained who our birthright have gained.
We will keep her bright blazon forever unstained!
And the Star-Spangled Banner in triumph shall wave.
While the land of the free is the home of the brave.
Alternative lyrics
In a version hand-written by Francis Scott Key in 1840, the third line reads "Whose bright stars and broad stripes, through the clouds of the fight".
The song is notoriously difficult for non professionals to sing because of its wide range. Humorist Richard Armour referred to the song's difficulty in his book It All Started With Columbus.
In an attempt to take Baltimore, the British attacked Fort McHenry, which protected the harbor. Bombs were soon bursting in air, rockets were glaring, and all in all it was a moment of great historical interest.
During the bombardment, a young lawyer named Francis Off Key wrote "The Star-Spangled Banner", and when, by the dawn's early light, the British heard it sung, they fled in terror. —Richard Armour
Some people can carry a tune, but they seem to stagger under the load.
The pre recording of the anthem has become standard practice at some ballparks, such as Boston's Fenway Park,accordingto the SABR publication The Fenway Project.
"The Star-Spangled Banner" is traditionally played at the beginning of public sports events and orchestral concerts in the United States, as well as other public gatherings. Performances at particularly large events are often ended with a military flypast, but have also featured Challenger the eagle flying over the stadium before landing on his handler's gloved hand.
The National Hockey League and Major League Soccer both require venues in both the U.S.and Canada to perform
both the Canadian and American national anthems at games that involve teams from both countries (with the "away" anthem being performed first). It is also usual for both American and Canadian anthems (done in the same way as the NHL and MLS) to be played at Major League Baseball and National Basketball Association games involving the Toronto Blue Jays and the Toronto Raptors (respectively), the only Canadian teams in those two major U.S. sports leagues. The Buffalo Sabres of the NHL, which play in a city on the Canadian border and have a substantial Canadian fan base, play both anthems before all home games regardless of where the visiting team is based.
Two especially unusual performances of the song took place in the immediate aftermath of the United States September the 11th attacks. On September the 12th, 2001, the Queen broke with tradition and allowed the Band of the Coldstream Guards to perform the anthem at Buckingham Palace, London, at the ceremonial Changing of the Guard, as a gesture of support for Britain's ally.
The following day at a St. Paul's Cathedral memorial service, the Queen joined in the
singing of the anthem, an unprecedented occurrence.
The 200th anniversary of the "Star-Spangled Banner" occurred in 2014 with various
special events occurring throughout the United States. A particularly significant
celebration occurred during the week of September the 10th–16th in and around Baltimore,
Maryland. Highlights included playing of a new arrangement of the anthem arranged by
JohnWilliams and participation of President Obama on Defender's Day, September the
12th, 2014, at Fort McHenry. In addition, the anthem bicentennial included a youth music
celebration including the presentation of the National Anthem Bicentennial Youth Challenge
winning composition written by Noah Altshuler.
The first popular music performance of the anthem heard by mainstream America was by
Puerto Rican singer and guitarist José Feliciano. He created a nationwide uproar when he
strummed a slow, blues-style rendition of the song at Tiger Stadium in Detroit before
game five of the 1968 World Series, between Detroit and St. Louis. This rendition started
contemporary "Star-Spangled Banner" controversies. The response from many in Vietnam era
America was generally negative, given that 1968 was a tumultuous year for the United States.
Despite the controversy, Feliciano's performance opened the door for the countless
interpretations of the "Star-Spangled Banner" heard in the years since. One week after
Feliciano's performance, the anthem was in the news again when American athletes
Tommie Smith and John Carlos lifted controversial raised fists at the 1968 Olympics
while the "Star-Spangled Banner" played at a medal ceremony.
Marvin Gaye gave a soul-influenced performance at the 1983 NBA All-Star Game and
Whitney Houston gave a soulful rendition before Super Bowl XXV in 1991, which was
released as a single that charted at number 20 in 1991 and number 6 in 2001 (along with
José Feliciano, the only times the anthem has been on the Billboard Hot 100). In 1993, Kiss
did an instrumental rock version as the closing track on their album, Alive III.
Another famous instrumental interpretation is Jimi Hendrix's version which was a set-list
staple from autumn 1968 until his death in September 1970, including a famous
rendition at the Woodstock music festival in 1969. Incorporating sonic effects to
emphasize the "rockets' red glare", and "bombs bursting in air", it became a late-1960s
anthem.
Roseanne Barr gave a controversial performance of the anthem at a San Diego Padres
baseball game at Jack Murphy Stadium on July the 25th, 1990. The comedienne belted
out a screechy rendition of the song, and afterward she attempted a gesture of ball players by spitting and grabbing her crotch as if adjusting a protective cup. The performance offended some, including the sitting U.S. President.
Sufjan Stevens has frequently performed the "Star-Spangled Banner" in live sets, replacing the optimism in the end of the first
verse with a new coda which alludes to the divisive state of the nation today.
David Lee Roth both referenced to parts of the anthem and played part of a hard rock rendition of the anthem on his song,
"Yankee Rose" on his 1986 solo album, Eat 'Em and Smile.
Steven Tyler also caused some controversy in 2001 (at the Indianapolis 500, to which he later issued a public apology) and again in 2012 (at the AFC Championship Game) with a cappella renditions of the song with changed lyrics. A version of
Aerosmith's Joe Perry and Brad Whitford playing part of the song can be heard at the end of their version of "Train Kept A-Rollin'" on the Rockin' the Joint album.
The band Boston gave an instrumental rock rendition of the anthem on their Greatest Hits album.
The band Crush 40 made a version of the song as opening track from the album Thrill of the Feel (2000).
Several films have their titles taken from the song's lyrics. These include two films titled Dawn's Early Light (2000 and 2005); two
made-for-TV features titled By Dawn's Early Light (1990 and 2000); two films titled So Proudly We Hail (1943 and 1990); a feature (1977) and a short (2005) titled Twilight's Last Gleaming; and four films titled Home of the Brave (1949, 1986, 2004, and 2006).
The Isaac Asimov short story "No Refuge Could Save" takes its title from a line in the third stanza. In the story, the protagonist notes that he once ferreted out a German spy during World War II because of the spy's knowledge of the third verse, which is virtually unknown by Americans.
"Ken Burns ' documentary Baseball consists of 9 innings, each of which begins with a rendition of the Star-Spangled Banner that is historically appropriate for the period covered in that episode of the series.
United States Code, 36 U.S.C. § 301, states that during a rendition of the national anthem, when the flag is displayed, all present except those in uniform should stand at attention facing the flag with the right hand over the heart; Members of the Armed Forces and veterans who are present and not in uniform may render the military salute; men not in uniform should remove their headdress with their right hand and hold the head dress at the left shoulder, the hand being over the heart; and individuals in uniform should give the military salute at the first note of the anthem and maintain that position until the last note; and when the flag is not displayed, all present should face toward the music and act in the same manner they would if the flag were displayed.
Military law requires all vehicles on the installation to stop when the song is played and all individuals outside to stand at attention and face the direction of the music and either salute, in uniform, or place the right hand over the heart, if out of uniform. Recently enacted law in 2008 allows military veterans to salute out of uniform, as well.
However, this statutory suggestion does not have any penalty associated with violations. 36 U.S.C. § 301 This behavioral requirement for the national anthem is subject to the same First Amendment controversies that surround the Pledge of Allegiance. For example, Jehovah's Witnesses do not sing the national anthem, though they are taught that standing is an "ethical decision" that individual believers must make based on their "conscience."
“Remember, remember always, that all of us, and you and I especially, are descended
from immigrants and revolutionists.”
― Franklin D. Roosevelt
